El colectivo de año: eslabón base en el proceso de formación integral de estudiantes universitarios / The teaching staff: a basic link in the integral training of university students

Fundamento: los estudios pedagógicos han mostrado que existen dificultades en el funcionamiento de los colectivos de año; estos constituyen un eslabón fundamental para el desarrollo del trabajo metodológico en las universidades. Objetivo: diagnosticar las dificultades que se presentan en el funcionamiento de los colectivos de año. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, en la Facultad de Tecnología Enfermería de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre octubre de 2021 y abril de 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; empírico: análisis documental, observación, encuestas; y matemático-estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: se constató que no todos los profesores principales de año dirigían su labor de dirección metodológica a la coordinación, asesoría y control de los profesores guías, tutores y el colectivo de profesores del año, además, no en todos los colectivos se analizaba un tema de carácter metodológico que satisficiera las necesidades de los implicados, existían dificultades en el conocimiento de los documentos que deben conservar como profesores principales de año, en sentido general, en las actas se evidencian dificultades en su redacción y no siempre se tomaron acuerdos medibles y alcanzables para resolver las dificultades del año académico. Conclusiones: los resultados exhibidos en esta investigación demostraron que existen dificultades en el colectivo de año, encargados de llevar el trabajo metodológico en este nivel organizativo e insuficiencias en el dominio de las funciones del profesor principal de año.

Background: pedagogical studies have shown that there are difficulties in the functioning of the teaching staff of each year; they constitute a fundamental link for the development of methodological work in universities. Objective: to diagnose the difficulties that arise in the functioning of the teaching staff of each year. Methods: a descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out in the Faculty of Nursing Technology at the University of Medical Sciences in Villa Clara between October 2021 and April 2022. Analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and historical- logical approaches were applied as theoretical methods; documentary analysis, observation and surveys as empirical ones; and mathematical-statisticians were used for the analysis of the data found. Results: we verified that not all the main teachers of each year directed their methodological work to the coordination, advice and control of the guide teachers, tutors and the teaching staff; in addition, not in all the groups an issue of a methodological nature that satisfies the needs of those involved was analyzed. There were difficulties in knowing the documents that must be kept as main teachers of the year, in a general sense, the minutes show difficulties in their writing and measurable and achievable agreements were not always reached to solve the difficulties of the academic year. Conclusions: the results exhibited in this research showed that there are difficulties in the teaching staff of each year in charge of carrying out the methodological work at this organizational level as well as insufficiencies in the mastery of the functions of the main teacher of the year.

Oportuna superación en inglés para satisfacer las demandas de la colaboración internacional en Villa Clara / Timely improvement in English to meet the demands of international collaboration in Villa Clara

Fundamento: la colaboración cubana demanda perfeccionar el dominio del idioma inglés entre aquellos profesionales de la salud que cumplen misiones internacionalistas. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de una estrategia metodológica para perfeccionar el dominio del idioma inglés en los profesionales de la salud que cumplen misiones internacionalistas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño transversal en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara durante el período enero 2019 hasta junio 2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y recogida de información y matemático-estadísticos; la información obtenida se presentó en tablas con valores absolutos y relativos. Resultados: durante el año 2019 concluyeron 18 cursos, con 128 graduados, de ellos 61 con nivel A2. En el año 2020 culminó el Diplomado de Inglés para profesionales procedentes de Brasil con 55 participantes, la mayoría con nivel B1. También se graduaron 192 profesionales en cursos de inglés, el 63,54 % eran médicos, la mayoría de ellos especialistas en Medicina General Integral. Predominó el nivel B1 con 63 cursistas. Al concluir el mes de junio 2021 estaban participando en cursos de inglés 70 profesionales, la mayoría médicos (70.0 %) Conclusiones: se cumplió la capacitación programada para este periodo respondiendo a las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas, se certificaron los graduados y se cumplimentaron los convenios de preparación a internacionalistas entre la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Villa Clara y el Departamento Provincial de Colaboración.

Background: the Cuban collaboration demands improving the command of the English language among those health professionals who fulfill internationalist missions. Objective: to present the results of a methodological strategy to improve the command of the English language in health professionals who fulfill internationalist missions. Methods: a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was carried out at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from January 2019 to June 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied for the foundation of the research and information collection, and mathematical-statistical methods; the information obtained was presented in tables with absolute and relative values. Results: during the year 2019, 18 courses were completed, with 128 graduates, 61 of them with A2 level. In 2020, the Diploma in English for professionals from Brazil was completed with 55 participants, most with B1 level. 192 professionals also graduated in English courses, 63.54 % were doctors, most of them specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine. Level B1 predominated with 63 trainees. At the end of June 2021, 70 professionals were participating in English courses, most of them doctors (70.0 %) Conclusions: the training programmed for this period was fulfilled, responding to the identified learning needs, the graduates were certified and the internationalist preparation agreements between the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences and the Provincial Department of Collaboration were fulfilled.

Diagnóstico de preparación sustentada en teorías y modelos enfermeros en profesionales de servicios de Neonatología / Diagnosis on preparation supported by nursing theories and models in professionals from the Neonatology services

Fundamento: el acto de cuidar está implícito en el proceso de trabajo de los profesionales de la enfermería y sustentado en el uso de teorías y modelos que desarrollan aspectos filosóficos y humanísticos sobre el cuidado. Objetivo: diagnosticar el nivel de preparación de los profesionales de enfermería sobre los modelos enfermeros en los servicios de Neonatología. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Ana Betancourt de Mora" de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey durante 2022. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos: inductivo-deductivo, analítico-sintético e histórico-lógico; y empíricos: cuestionario para la caracterización de los profesionales y el diagnóstico del nivel de preparación en cuanto a teorías y modelos enfermeros. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado permitió conocer las carencias de los enfermeros quienes reconocieron no haber recibido talleres, cursos y/o entrenamiento afines con su competencia y desempeño, su nivel de preparación estuvo entre adecuado y medianamente adecuado, a pesar de que la mayoría tenía más de cinco años de experiencia laboral. Conclusiones: los resultados evidenciaron la insuficiente preparación de los profesionales sobre las teorías y modelos enfermeros que constituyen base teórica y científica para las intervenciones con los pacientes recién nacidos ubicados en la sala de Neonatología.

Background: the act of caring is implicit in the work process of nursing professionals and is supported by the use of theories and models that develop philosophical and humanistic aspects of care. Objective: to diagnose the level of preparation of nursing professionals on nursing models in Neonatology services. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at "Ana Betancourt de Mora" Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital belonged to the University of Medical Sciences in Camagüey during 2022. Inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic and historical-logical approaches were applied as theoretical methods; a questionnaire for the characterization of the professionals and the diagnosis of the level of preparation in terms of nursing theories and models were used as empirical ones. Results: the diagnosis made allowed us to know the deficiencies of the nurses who recognized that they had not received workshops, courses and/or training related to their competence and performance, their level of preparation was between adequate and moderately adequate, despite the fact that the majority had more than five years of work experience. Conclusions: the results showed the insufficient preparation of the professionals on the nursing theories and models which constitute a theoretical and scientific basis for interventions with newborn patients located in the Neonatology room.

Impacto de un curso electivo sobre ritmo circadiano y salud / Impact on an elective course on circadian rhythm and health

Fundamento: el análisis del impacto de la gestión docente es un requerimiento de la responsabilidad social universitaria. Objetivo: analizar el impacto del curso electivo Ritmo Circadiano y Salud, a través de la apreciación de los estudiantes, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Salvador Allende", durante el curso 2022-2023. Métodos: se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva, no experimental, con enfoque cualitativo, aplicando la metodología del estudio de caso. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción, y empíricos: revisión documental y entrevista grupal a estudiantes. Resultados: de manera unánime se manifestó por los estudiantes la adquisición de conocimientos nuevos, de importancia para la práctica profesional, mediante el asesoramiento en el procesamiento de información, para la participación en una actividad virtual no conocida, así como la posibilidad de vivenciar en su entorno una problemática de salud asociada al tema del curso. Conclusiones: la apreciación por los estudiantes participantes del curso electivo Ritmo Circadiano y Salud, indicó un impacto positivo desde los puntos de vista cognitivo, educativo y social.

Background: the analysis of the impact of teaching management is a requirement of university social responsibility. Objective: to analyze the impact of the elective course Circadian Rhythm and Health, through the appreciation of the students, in the "Salvador Allende" Faculty of Medical Sciences, during the 2022-2023 academic year. Method: a descriptive, non-experimental investigation was developed, with a qualitative approach, applying the case study methodology. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction, and empirical ones: documentary review and group interview with students. Results: the students unanimously expressed the acquisition of new important knowledge for professional practice, through advice on information processing, for participation in an unknown virtual activity, as well as the possibility of experiencing in their environment a health problem associated with the topic of the course. Conclusions: the appreciation by the participating students of the elective course Circadian Rhythm and Health, indicated a positive impact from the cognitive, educational and social points of view.

Capacitation of essential school workers in compliance with Philippine COVID-19 guidelines:A qualitative study

Introduction@#Organizations, including higher education institutions (HEIs), have been mandated to protect employees from the threats of the COVID-19.@*Objective@#This study sought to describe the perceptions of essential school workers (ESWs) of selected HEIs in the southern Manila area in terms of how they were capacitated in compliance with national guidelines.@*Methods@#A total of seven HEIs participated in this qualitative study. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among four sectors of ESWs: security, maintenance, health services, and office staff. Thematic analysis was used to draw insights from the narratives of the FGDs.@*Results@#Three themes emerged from the FGDs: material capacitation, programmatic capacitation, and issues and challenges.@*Conclusion@#This study highlights that from the perspective of ESWs, HEIs in the southern Manila area exert efforts to comply with IATF guidelines through various expressions of material and programmatic capacitation to protect them from the threat of COVID-19. However, results also demonstrate challenges that deter full compliance and consistent implementation of the guidelines across institutions.

Estrategia de superación sobre Nefrogeriatría para el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional del médico de familia / Upgrading strategy on Geriatric Nephrology to improve the professional performance of General Practitioners

RESUMEN Fundamento: las colectividades humanas cada día son más envejecidas y la población de nefrópatas crónicos crece cada vez más, por lo que la Nefrogeriatría demanda nuevas estrategias de superación para los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia de superación sobre Nefrogeriatría para el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional del médico de familia. Métodos: se realizó una investigación cuasiexperimental entre enero de 2017 a mayo de 2019 en el Policlínico Universitario "5 de Septiembre" del municipio Consolación del Sur, provincia Pinar del Río; Cuba. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos: sistematización, análisis-síntesis, sistémico-estructural-funcional y modelación; empíricos: observación del desempeño profesional, revisión documental y el criterio de expertos; y matemático-estadísticos. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado permitió identificar carencias en cuanto al nivel de conocimientos sobre la nefroprevención y la atención médica en el paciente nefrogeriátrico en los médicos de familia, por lo que se diseñó una estrategia fundamentada en aspectos filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos, de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, pedagógicos y de la educación médica, la cual fue valorada por criterios de expertos. Conclusiones: la estrategia se caracterizó por ser interdisciplinaria, sistémica, flexible, contextualizada, humanista, factible, con capacidad de aplicabilidad y participación de los actores implicados. La consulta a los expertos corroboró su pertinencia y adecuada estructura metodológica en correspondencia con el diagnóstico y los fundamentos referidos.

ABSTRACT Background: human communities are getting older every day and the population of chronic nephropathies grows more every day, that's why Geriatric Nephrology demands new coping strategies for health professionals. Objective: to design a strategy of improvement on Geriatric Nephrology for the improvement of the professional performance of the general practitioner. Methods: a quasi-experimental investigation was carried out from January 2017 to May 2019 in the "5 de Septiembre" University Polyclinic of the Consolación del Sur municipality, Pinar del Río province; Cuba. Theoretical methods were applied: systematization, analysis-synthesis, systemic-structural-functional and modeling; empirical ones: observation of professional performance, documentary review and expert´s criteria; and mathematical-statistics. Results: the diagnosis carried out allowed identifying gaps in terms of the level of knowledge about Geriatric Nephrology prevention and medical care in the geriatric patient in General practitioner, for which a strategy based on philosophical, sociological, psychological, information and communication technologies, pedagogical and medical education aspects was designed, which was valued by expert criteria. Conclusions: the strategy for the improvement of the professional performance of the General practitioner in Geriatric Nephrology was characterized by being interdisciplinary, systemic, flexible, contextualized, humanistic, and feasible, with applicability capacity and participation of the actors involved. The consultation with the experts corroborated its relevance and adequate structure in correspondence with the diagnosis and the aforementioned aspects.

Diplomado sobre aprendizaje cooperativo para docentes de las carreras de Tecnología de la Salud / Diploma Course on cooperative learning for teachers of Health Technology Degrees

RESUMEN Fundamento: el redimensionamiento de la labor pedagógica del docente constituye una nueva opción a desarrollar en la educación médica superior. Objetivo: diseñar un diplomado de aprendizaje cooperativo para contribuir al desarrollo de la labor formativa del docente y la cohesión grupal en estudiantes y profesores de las carreras de Tecnología de la Salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad Enfermería Tecnología, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, durante el curso 2018-2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y sistémico-estructural; empíricos: revisión documental, cuestionario y entrevista; además el criterio de especialistas para la valoración de la propuesta. Resultados: se constataron carencias en la preparación pedagógica de los docentes relacionadas con el insuficiente empleo de recursos de orientación educativa para el desarrollo del trabajo grupal con los estudiantes, dificultades en la construcción de estrategias de aprendizaje, de autogestión del conocimiento y el empleo de técnicas de estudio, así como el escaso empleo de recursos pedagógicos que estimulen las adecuadas relaciones interpersonales y de comunicación en el cumplimiento de tareas grupales, por lo que se diseñó un diplomado para ofrecer solución a esas problemáticas. Conclusiones: constituye un recurso necesario para la preparación pedagógica de docentes, sus contenidos propician herramientas para lograr el aprendizaje cooperativo y fortalecer la cohesión grupal en los estudiantes. Fue valorado satisfactoriamente por su pertinencia y adecuada estructura metodológica.

ABSTRACT Background: the resizing of the pedagogical work of the teacher constitutes a new option to be developed in higher medical education. Objective: to design a cooperative learning diploma course to contribute to the development of teaching training and group cohesion in students and professors of Health Technology degrees. Methods: a development investigation was carried out at the Faculty of Nursing Technology, at Santiago de Cuba University of Medical Sciences, during the 2018-2019 academic year. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; empirical ones: documentary review, questionnaire and interview; also the criteria of specialists for the assessment of the proposal. Results: deficiencies were found in the pedagogical preparation of teachers related to the insufficient use of educational guidance resources for the development of group work with students, difficulties in the construction of learning strategies, self-management of knowledge and the use of study techniques, as well as the scarce use of pedagogical resources that stimulate adequate interpersonal and communication relationships in the fulfillment of group tasks, for which a diploma course was designed to offer a solution to these problems. Conclusions: it is a necessary resource for the pedagogical preparation of teachers, its contents provide tools to achieve cooperative learning and to strengthen group cohesion in students. It was satisfactorily evaluated for its relevance and adequate methodological structure.

Endocannabinoid Signaling in Spermatozoa: A Mini-Review

Spermatozoa undergoes array of signaling and intracellular pathways and ultimately become competent enough to accomplish fertilization. Hormones, ion channels and signaling molecules in both male and female reproductive tract show bidirectional cross play. The recent discovery of endocannabinoids and their receptors in male and female reproductive system opened new vistas for their research in regulating sperm function. Interestingly, endocannabinoids regulate sperm motility, capacitation, hyperactivity and eventually acrosome reaction. However, their complex intracellular pathways are still to be understood in regulating spermatozoa function. The present review highlights the major breakthrough research in the area of endocannabinoids in male reproduction and in more specific in sperm cells, and their association with regulation of sperm fertilizing competence

Influence of in vitro capacitation time on structural and functional human sperm parameters / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

A cascade of dramatic physiological events is linked to the sperm acrosome reaction and binding to the oocyte's zona pellucida during human sperm capacitation. However, structural and functional sperm changes during capacitation currently remain poorly defined. Here, we performed a multibiomarker approach based on the utilization of sperm concentration, motility, viability, morphology, acrosome reaction, tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA fragmentation, and lectin-binding sites to analyze the impact caused by swim-up selection times (uncapacitated, 1 h capacitated, and 4 h capacitated) on sperm function and structure in normozoospermic samples. We found that a 4 h swim-up capacitation increased sperm quality, because a large number of cells with normal morphology and lower DNA fragmentation rates were recovered. Furthermore, the long-term capacitation induced a higher percentage of cells with tyrosine phosphorylation of the principal piece as well as a redistribution of lectin-binding sites. Overall, the multivariate biomarkers analyzed showed a less variable distribution on spermatozoa recovered after 4 h capacitation than that with the shorter capacitation time. These findings stress the importance of capacitation time as a relevant factor in sperm quality with potential biological reproductive implications both for basic research and in assisted reproduction techniques.

Capacitation of essential school workers in compliance with Philippine COVID-19 guidelines:A qualitative study

Introduction@#Organizations, including higher education institutions (HEIs), have been mandated to protect employees from the threats of the COVID-19. @*Objective@#This study sought to describe the perceptions of essential school workers (ESWs) of selected HEIs in the southern Manila area in terms of how they were capacitated in compliance with national guidelines, @*Methods@#A total of seven HEIs participated in this qualitative study. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among four sectors of ESWs: security, maintenance, health services, and office staff. Thematic analysis was used to draw insights from the narratives of the FGDs. @*Results@#Three themes emerged from the FGDs: material capacitation, programmatic capacitation, and issues and challenges. @*Conclusion@#This study highlights that from the perspective of ESWs, HEIs in the southern Manila area exert efforts to comply with IATF guidelines through various expressions of material and programmatic capacitation to protect them from the threat of COVID-19. However, results also demonstrate challenges that deter full compliance and consistent implementation of the guidelines across institutions.

Mini-percoll gradient may be used for frozen-thawed sperm selection in sheep / Gradiente de mini-Percoll pode ser utilizado na seleção espermática de sêmen congelado de ovinos

This study evaluated the effect of increasing centrifugal force and reducing centrifugation time and volume in Percoll protocols on ram sperm parameters. Commercial semen of Santa Inês rams were used and five treatments were performed: traditional Percoll and mini-Percoll (MP) techniques (I- 5000 x g, 5min; II- 2500 x g, 5min; III- 1250 x g, 5min; IV- 700 x g, 10min). At post-thawing (PT) and post-selection protocols (0h), samples were assessed for spermatozoa recovery rate, motility, plasma membrane (PM) integrity, sperm capacitation and morphology and incubated at 37 C for 1, 2 and 3h. The sperm recovery rate averaged 9.1±1.4%, and most motility parameters were similar (P> 0.05) among protocols. VCL (µm/s) was higher (P< 0.05) after MP-II, III and IV (66.1±4.5) than traditional Percoll (46.3±4.9). Capacitation status and PM integrity were similar (P> 0.05) among treatments. For the first time, we have demonstrated the reduction of the gradient volume and centrifugation time associated with an increase on centrifugation force at Percoll can be successfully used for frozen-thawed ram sperm selection. MP may be used instead of traditional Percoll, decreasing costs and semen handling time.(AU)

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito do aumento da força de centrifugação, bem como da redução do tempo de centrifugação e do volume do gradiente de Percoll em diferentes protocolos nos parâmetros espermáticos de ovinos. Foi utilizado sêmen comercial de carneiros da raça Santa Inês, e cinco tratamentos foram realizados: Percoll tradicional e quatro técnicas de mini-Percoll (I- 5000 x g, 5min; II- 2500 x g, 5min; III- 1250 x g, 5min; IV- 700 x g, 10min). Após o descongelamento e a seleção espermática em cada técnica utilizada (0h), amostras foram avaliadas quanto à taxa de recuperação espermática, motilidade, integridade de membrana plasmática, capacitação e morfologia. Ao final, foram incubadas a 37 ºC por uma, duas e três horas. A taxa de recuperação média (9,1±1,4%) e a maioria dos parâmetros de motilidade foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. VCL foi maior (P<0,05) após MP-II, III e IV (66,1±4,5) quando comparados ao Percoll tradicional (46,3±4,9). O status da capacitação e a integridade de membrana foram similares (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a redução do volume do gradiente utilizado e do tempo de centrifugação, associada com o aumento da força de centrifugação nos protocolos de Percoll, pode ser usada com sucesso na seleção espermática de sêmen congelado de ovinos. O mini-Percoll pode ser utilizado em alternativa à técnica de Percoll tradicional, diminuindo custos e tempo de manipulação do sêmen durante a técnica.(AU)

Simulação clínica em enfermagem: caminhos da prática pedagógica e percepção de professores / Nursing clinical simulation: development of the pedagogical practice and perception from professors

Analisar a trajetória profissional e pedagógica do enfermeiro docente para o desenvolvimento da simulação clínica no ensino de enfermagem, considerando suas interações sociais e culturais ao longo da vida e repercussões no ensino de graduação em enfermagem. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em Instituição de Ensino Superior Pública do estado de São Paulo, a qual mantém dois cursos de graduação em enfermagem e realiza práticas de ensino simulado sistematicamente atreladas às disciplinas de graduação dos respectivos cursos. Para identificar as docentes que aplicam a simulação no ensino de enfermagem, foram analisados os cronogramas de todas as disciplinas de graduação ofertadas para os dois cursos. Desse modo, de um universo de 23 docentes, dez foram convidadas para participar da pesquisa. Para coleta de dados, foi realizada entrevista gravada, mediada por 17 questões norteadoras. As respostas foram transcritas e analisadas segundo análise temática e discutidas considerando o referencial da abordagem históricocultural. O período de coleta de dados foi de junho a agosto de 2017. Resultados: entre as dez professoras convidadas para participar da pesquisa, oito delas aceitaram. A partir da análise dos dados, foi possível eleger três temas para discussão que trataram de questões relacionadas: às trajetórias profissionais e pedagógicas para formação de professores no que se referem às convivências das docentes ao longo da vida; aos encontros com a simulação clínica em enfermagem enquanto agentes potencializadores ou desafiadores da aprendizagem dos estudantes e da prática pedagógica dos professores e; às repercussões na formação em enfermagem mediadas pela motivação, intenção e percepções de professores. Considerações finais: a atuação do professor na simulação clínica no ensino de graduação está diretamente relacionada ao modo como o professor vem interagindo com o mundo ao seu redor e, aparentemente, depende principalmente das suas concepções pessoais de mundo e de ensino

Goal: Analyze the professional and pedagogical background of the nursing professor for the development of the clinical simulation in the nursing teaching, taking into account their social and cultural interactions throughout life, as well as the repercussions in the nursing undergraduation teaching. Methodology: a qualitative approach study conducted in a public university institution in the state of São Paulo, which holds two nursing undergraduation courses and runs teaching practices systematically simulated coupled to the undergraduation subjects of the courses. In order to identify the professors who apply the simulation in the nursing teaching, we analyzed the chronograms of all the undergraduation subjects offered for both courses. Thus, out of 23 professors, 10 were invited to take part in the research. For the data collection, a recorded interview mediated by 17 guiding questions was used. The answers were transcripted, submitted to the thematic analysis and discussed in light of the referential of the historical-cultural approach. The data collection period was from June to August 2017. Results: Among the 10 professors invited to take part in the research, 8 accepted to do so. The data analysis enabled the selection of three subjects for the discussion, which dealt with questions related to: professional and pedagogical development for the formation of the professors regarding their interactions throughout life; the experiences with the nursing clinical simulation as boosters or challengers of students´ learning and of the professors´ teaching practice; the repercussions in the formation of the nurse mediated by the professors´ motivation, intention and perception. Final considerations: The role of the professor in the clinical simulation in the undergraduation teaching is closely related to how professors have interacted with the world around them. Apparently, it depends mainly on their personal conceptions of both the world and the teaching

Roles of sialic acids in sperm maturation and capacitation and sperm-egg recognition / 中华男科学杂志

Sialic acids are a subset of nine-carbon alpha-keto aldonic acids involved in various biological functions. Sialic acid on the sperm surface is closely related to sperm maturation and capacitation and sperm-egg recognition, which makes sperm negatively charged to avoid accumulation and covers some antigenic determinants there to increase the survival rate of sperm in the female reproductive tract. The loss of sialic acids is an important factor mediating sperm capacitation. Moreover, the sialic acid at the extremity of the protein polymer is involved in signal identification in sperm-egg recognition. Here, we review the current understanding of sialic acids in sperm maturation and capacitation and sperm-egg recognition.

Influence of L-arginine during bovine in vitro fertilization.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of using L-arginine during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on in vitro embryonic development using Bos taurus and Bos indicus semen. Effect of different concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 50 mM) of L-arginine, added to the IVF medium, was evaluated on the fertilization rate at 18 h post-fertilization (hpf), NO3-/NO2- production during IVF by the Griess colorimetric method (30 hpf), cleavage and blastocyst rates (on Day 2 and Day 7 of culture, respectively) and total blastocyst cell number (Day 7 of culture). The results reveal that the addition of 50 mM L-arginine to IVF medium, with either Bos taurus or Bos indicus spermatozoa, decreased the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate compared to the control group. Other concentrations did not affect embryo production. However, 1 mM L-arginine with Bos indicus semen increased the proportion of hatched blastocysts. These results indicate that high L-arginine concentrations may exhibit toxic effects on bovine gametes during in vitro fertilization.

Innocuousness of sandwiches sold on the streets of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso state, Brazil / Inocuidade de sanduíches vendidos nas ruas de Cuiabá - MT, Brasil

Objective: This article discusses the problem involving the street food commerce and its sanitary conditions, aiming at the food safety as part of food security and promotion of human right to healthy eating. It was analyzed the effectiveness of an educational intervention on Good Manufacture Practices carried out with food street vendors. The sandwich, known as the "baguncinha", was sold in the city of Cuiaba/MT/Brazil, in 2005. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with a test group case. Before the training intervention, 105 sandwiches were tested by standard methods regarding heat-stable coliform counts; identification of Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus; and incidence of Salmonella spp. One hundred eighty new samples were analyzed one and six months after the training program, totaling 285 sandwiches. Results: A total of 31.4% commercial premises were considered unsuitable for food consumption. The training program applied in this study does not seem to have altered the microbiological quality of sandwiches. Conclusions: This scenario can contribute to a high risk associated with foodborne illnesses. The results suggest the necessity of a review to identify approaches and methods that bring about effective changes in street food commerce. Interventions should be associated with actions for hygiene-awareness of the consumers. Furthermore, a debate on the importance of regulatory public policies is recommended.

Objetivo: O presente artigo contribui para a discussão sobre a questão da comercialização de comida de rua e a sua relação com a qualidade higiênico-sanitária, como parte da segurança alimentar e nutricional, na perspectiva da promoção do direito humano à alimentação adequada. Teve como objetivo analisar a eficácia de uma intervenção educativa sobre Boas Práticas de Manipulação, desenvolvida em 2005, como os comerciantes de sanduíches conhecidos como "baguncinha", vendidos nas ruas do município de Cuiabá. Método: Foi delineado como um estudo transversal do tipo grupo controle. Antes da qualificação, foram testados 105 sanduíches, para contagem de coliformes termotolerantes; identificação de Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens e Staphylococcus aureus, e incidência de Salmonella spp. Foram analisadas 180 novas amostras um e seis meses após o treinamento, totalizando 285 sanduíches. Resultados: Um total de 31,4% dos estabelecimentos estava inadequado para o consumo de alimentos e o programa de treinamento aplicado na pesquisa parece não ter alterado a qualidade microbiológica do sanduíche. Conclusão: Este cenário pode contribuir para um elevado risco associado a doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Os resultados assinalam a necessidade de uma revisão para identificar abordagens e métodos que permitam mudanças efetivas no comércio de comida de rua. É aconselhável que as intervenções sejam associadas a ações de conscientização dos consumidores sobre a questão higiênico-sanitária. Além disso, é fundamental que provoquem o debate sobre a importância da regulamentação de políticas públicas específicas para este segmento comercial.

Concentración espermática mínima requerida para inseminación intrauterina mediante capacitación por migración ascendente / Low sperm concentration required to IUI through training by upward migration

Objetivo: Determinar cuál es la cantidad mínima necesaria de espermatozoides móviles que se requiere para realizar la inseminación intrauterina y evaluar la morfología estricta de Kruger y la movilidad espermática antes y después de la capacitación por migración ascendente. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 35 muestras de semen de hombres infértiles, se lavaron alícuotas de 1 mL de semen fresco, se centrifugaron y sobre el centrifugado se colocó una capa de medio de capacitación para lograr una migración ascendente. Resultados: Los valores de movilidad y formas normales espermáticas se observaron significativamente aumentados en las muestras después de la capacitación. Fue posible recuperar ≥ 2 x 106 espermatozoides móviles aun en muestras aparentemente inapropiadas caracterizadas por hipospermia u oligozoospermia severa, pero contenían en el total del eyaculado al menos 5 millones de espermatozoides móviles que permitieron un elevado porcentaje de recuperación espermática. Conclusiones: La posibilidad de obtener altos porcentajes de recuperación de espermatozoides móviles en el total del eyaculado permite la inseminación intrauterina como técnica de reproducción asistida en pacientes oligozoospérmicos antes de elegir fertilización in vitro o inyección citoplasmática del espermatozoide cuando el factor masculino es la causa de infertilidad.

Objective: To determine what is the minimum necessary amount of motile sperm required for intrauterine insemination and to evaluate the Kruger strict morphology test and sperm motility before and after training sperm by swim up. Methods: Prospective study of 35 semen samples from infertile men, aliquots of 1 mL of fresh semen was washed, centrifuged and over the pellet was placed a layer of capacitation medium to achieve an upward migration. Results: The values of motility and normal sperm forms were observed in the samples significantly increased after the training. It was possible to recover ≥2 x 106 motile sperm even in seemingly inappropriate samples with hypospermia or severe oligozoospermia, but these contained in the total ejaculate at least 5 million of motile spermatozoa that allowed a high percentage of retrieval. Conclusions: The possibility of obtaining high recoveries of motile sperm in the total ejaculate allows IUI as assisted reproduction technique in oligozoospermic patients before choosing IVF or cytoplasmic sperm injection when the male factor is cause of infertility.

Effects of different concentrations of parecoxib sodium on rat sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction in vitro / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of parecoxib sodium on the rat sperm motility,capacitation and acrosome reaction in vitro.Methods The sperm samples from Sprague-Dawley rat epididymis were collected by Klinefelter diffusion method and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),and parecoxib sodium 100,500,1 000 μmol/L groups (P1-3 groups).Parecoxib sodium with the final concentrations of 100,500 and 1 000 μmol/L was added to the culture medium.The samples were then incubated for 5 h in an airtight container filled with 5 ％ CO2 at 37 ℃.Then sperm motility was examined in vitro at 37 ℃ and analyzed by the computer-assisted sperm analysis,including the sperm motility ((a + b)％),average path velocity (VAP),straight line velocity (VSL),curvilinear velocity (VCL) and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH).The capacitation effect was assessed by using the chlortetracycline staining and phase-contract microscopy.The acrosome reaction was evaluated by coomassie brilliant blue staining.Results The VAP,VSL,VCL and capacitation ability of the sperm were gradually decreased in C and P1-3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,(a + b)％ in P2,3 groups and ALH in P2 group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the acrosome reaction between groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Parecoxib sodium has significant inhibitory effects on the rat sperm motility and capacitation in a dose-dependent manner,while has no effect on the acrosome reaction in vitro.

Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on sperm motility in vitro

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be important in sperm function, and the concentration of NO appears to determine these effects. Studies have demonstrated both positive and negative effects of NO on sperm function, but have not been able to provide a clear link between NO concentration and the extent of exposure to NO. To study the relationship between nitric oxide and sperm capacitationin vitro, and to provide a theoretical basis for the use of NO-related preparations in improving sperm motility for in vitro fertilization, we investigated the effects of NO concentration and time duration at these concentrations on in vitro sperm capacitation in both normal and abnormal sperm groups. We manipulated NO concentrations and the time duration of these concentrations using sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor) and NG-monomethyl-L-argenine (an NO synthase inhibitor). RESULTS: Compared to the normal sperm group, the abnormal sperm group had a longer basal time to reach the appropriate concentration of NO (p < 0.001), and the duration of time at this concentration was longer for the abnormal sperm group (p < 0.001). Both the basal time and the duration of time were significantly correlated with sperm viability and percentage of progressive sperm (p < 0.001). The experimental group had a significantly higher percentage of progressive sperm than the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that there is a certain regularity to both NO concentration and its duration of time in regards to sperm capacitation, and that an adequate duration of time at the appropriate NO concentration is beneficial to sperm motility.

Sistema de acciones para la prevención de la neurotoxoplasmosis en personas con VIH y SIDA / System of actions to prevent neurotoxoplasmosis in persons with HIV and AIDS

La neurotoxoplasmosis está asociada a la inmunodeficiencia y su expresión es mayoritariamente entre personas con VIH y SIDA, es la infección oportunista que con mayor frecuencia afecta el sistema nervioso en personas inmunodeprimidas por lo que todo acercamiento a la prevención desde la metodología de pares permite la reducción de riesgos y la reducción de daños. Se desarrolló un sistema de acciones para la prevención de la neurotoxoplasmosis en personas con VIH y SIDA. Se describe la etapa de capacitación de capacitadores, que se inició con un diagnóstico de actitudes basada en los conocimientos y prácticas que indican la percepción de riesgo a la infección por Toxoplasma gondii. Las personas con VIH que se formaron como capacitadores tienen actitudes positivas para reconocerse en riesgo ante la neurotoxoplasmosis como enfermedad oportunista y disponerse a multiplicar el aprendizaje pues accionaron como educadores pares. La implementación de las tres primeras etapas del sistema de acciones por parte de los voluntarios profesionalizados en el tema facilita las acciones de los profesionales de salud en el camino para la prevención secundaria y terciaria. El propósito de desarrollar un sistema de acciones para la prevención primaria, detección temprana y tratamiento oportuno de la neurotoxoplasmosis en personas con VIH y SIDA se logró a través de representantes de equipos de ayuda mutua del país. Resultó de gran valor identificar las actitudes ante la neurotoxoplasmosis como enfermedad oportunista en personas con VIH y SIDA, todo lo que facilita el camino a la prevención secundaria a través de la terapéutica específica.

Neurotoxoplasmosis is associated to immunodeficiency and it expresses mainly in persons with HIV and AIDS; it is the opportunistic infection that more frequently affects the nervous system in inmunodepressed persons so any approach to its prevention from the methodology of pairs allows decreasing risks and damages. We developed a system of actions for preventing neurotoxoplasmosis in persons with HIV and AIDS. We describe the capacitation of trainers which began with the diagnosis of attitudes based in knowledge and practices indicating the risk perception of the Toxoplasma gondii infection. Persons with HIV formed as trainers have positive attitudes for recognizing the risk of neurotoxoplasmosis as opportunistic disease and being ready to multiply knowledge because they acted as pair educators. The implementation of the three first stages of the action system by volunteers professionalized in the theme facilitates the health professionals’ actions in the way for the secondary and tertiary prevention. The purpose of developing a system of actions for the neurotoxoplasmosis primary prevention, early detection and opportune treatment in persons with HIV and AIDS was achieved through representers of the mutual help teams of the country. Identifying attitudes toward neurotoxoplasmosis as opportunistic disease in persons with HIV and AIDS was of great value, as it makes easy the way to the secondary prevention through the specific therapeutic.

Actividad espermicida y citotóxica del extracto de Sapindus saponaria L. (jaboncillo) / Evaluation of the spermicidal and cytotoxic activity of extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. (jaboncillo)

Introducción: los espermicidas están entre los métodos anticonceptivos que pueden inmovilizar o matar los espermatozoides. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad espermicida y citotóxica de los extractos de Sapindus saponaria L., conocida como jaboncillo, sobre espermatozoides humanos y la línea celular HeLa, respectivamente. Métodos: las muestras de semen donadas por individuos sanos se incubaron con los extractos de Sapindus saponaria L. y sus respectivas fracciones. La movilidad y la viabilidad espermática se evaluó antes y después de cada tratamiento. Adicionalmente, el efecto citotóxico del extracto se valoró sobre la línea celular HeLa mediante el ensayo 3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2-il)-5-(3-carboximetoxifenil)-2-(4-sulfofenil)-2H-tetrazolio (MTS). Resultados: el máximo efecto espermicida se observó cuando las muestras de semen se incubaron con la fracción polar del extracto de hojas de Sapindus saponaria L., luego de 5 min de tratamiento (p< 0,05). No se encontró efecto citotóxico en la línea celular HeLa luego de 6 y 12 h de tratamiento con la fracción polar del extracto de hojas. Conclusión: el extracto de Sapindus saponaria L. puede ser una nueva opción como espermicida con menos efectos adversos.

Introduction: spermicides are contraceptive methods aimed at either immobilizing or killing spermatozoa. Objective: evaluate the spermicidal and cytotoxic activity of extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. (jaboncillo) on human spermatozoa and the HeLa cell line, respectively. Methods: semen samples from healthy individuals were incubated with extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. and their fractions. Sperm motility and viability were measured before and after each treatment. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of the extract on the HeLa cell line was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxy phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium MTS assay. Results: maximum spermicidal effect was observed when semen samples were incubated with the polar fraction of Sapindus saponaria L. leaf extract after 5 minutes of treatment (p< 0.05). No cytotoxic effect on the HeLa cell line was found after 6 and 12 hours of treatment with the polar fraction of the leaf extract. Conclusion: the extract of Sapindus saponaria L. may be a new spermicidal option with fewer adverse effects.